A fair answer to this question requires a review of imperialism and the associated notions of wrong and racism. Completeness also depends upon understanding the setting of Heart of Darkness: the realm now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the tip around 1900. A version of Conrads work first appeared in the Blackwoods Magazine in 1899, but was published as a novella in 1902.
Imperialism is the political theory of the acquisition and guardianship of large, multi-ethnic states held together by coercion. This model is typified by the antediluvian patriarch empires of Rome and Greece. Subject states were conquered and integrated de facto into the empire. For example, Rome itself effectively became big with the incorporation of a new state. In the latter half(a) of the 19th century, European countries undertook imperialism in Africa and Asia under a disparate model, that of colonisation. Colonies were de jure subordinate to the imperial state, rather than de facto as in former empires. Colonies remained outside the borders of the empire state and retained some individuation but were especially under economical control of the empire.
The rapid colonisation of the dark continent by European powers amidst 1880 and 1914 is known as the Scramble for Africa.
It was driven by economic exploitation on a huge scale; thusly in Leninist economic theory the term imperialism is used to follow the highest form of capitalism. Even in this frenzy for wealth however, the storey of the Congo basin is exceptional.
The Congo Free State was command between 1885 and 1908, not by the state of Belgium, but as a private kingdom owned by queen regnant Leopold II of Belgium. The Belgian government had repeatedly refused to support Leopolds compound ambitions; his suggestions were variously to colonise Borneo, the Philippines or establish dependencies in China, Vietnam...
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