I. The Decline of the Old Order
1. explain the shift to emphasis of religion in Islamic midst eastern United States around. 1300- spectral leaders in Islamic Middle East gained upper hand over poets, philosophers, scientists. The Sufi movement= fount & result. Literature: emphasis on secular themes > more purely spectral ideas. Iranian poets (writing in Persian, not Arabic) led the way, & religious poetrynot poetry in generalbecame conk out of education of upper-class children. Muslim Spain= philosopher Ibn-Rushd (Averroes) espoused Greek rationalism, but his efforts handle in Middle East. European scholars more heavily crookd by his work. In Middle East, typical philosopher now claimed to use Aristotles system of logic to show it was impossible to discover religious truth by human reason. Sufi scholars wrote excitedly of their mystical contacts with God & stages of religious passion.
2. How were peasants affected by the shifts in Islamic society parsimoniousness? As authority of caliphate declined, landlords seized power over peasantry>>from 1100 onward, Middle easterly peasants increasingly lost freedom>> serfs on large estates >>agricultural productivity suffered because land-lords centre on squeezing what they could from their estates rather than new techniques.
3.
Describe the influence of Arab and Middle Eastern trade after 1000. Tax revenues declined & Arab & otherwise Middle Eastern traders began to lose ground. Few Arab coins have been engraft in Europe dating from later than 1100. European merchants began to comptroller their own region & challenged Arabs in other parts of Mediterranean. Arab & Persian commerce remained active in Indian Ocean, but they would soon face new competition there also.
4. How did the decline of the Islamic caliphate compare to the generate of the Roman Empire? Decline of Islamic caliphate & its economy =gradual & incomplete as contrasted with dramatic fall of Roman Empire in the West many centuries before. The...If you inadequacy to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
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