America in the 1920s :: American America History

America in the 1920s INTRODUCTION The Twenties sick a decade which condidted of many well know events andfamous mint. In which do the mid-twenties part of out history today, suchevents and people that made history in the twenties were Al Capone the wellmnow mafia leader from Chicago, Charlie Chaplain of the silent movies, theannual Montreal Carninval in Canada, and the 60th anniversary of canada in1927. But these events and people are only a quarter of the history helpin the 1920s.ENTERTAINMENT Entertainment in the Twenties consisted of many famous people, it wasin the twenties when a man by the name of Walt Elias Disney (1901-66) acartoonest born in Chicago, in which he later graduated and later startedhis own animation troupe which he introduced Disneys most popular ansenduring cartoon characters MICKEY MOUSE in 1928. During the twentiesMICKEY entertained Canadians in such films as Steam Boat Willie (1928).Other great cartoon films done be Disney include Skeleton Dan ce in (1929). The silent movies of the twenties is nothing to compaire with the diffused movies we have today. The actors had to show alot of seventh cranial nerve andbady expressions to get the veiwers to understand what was happening in thefilm. The most talented actors in the twenties were Charlie Chaplai whowas known for his tramp look, Keaton with his stone facial expressions(because he showed no emotion) and the famous romatic Radolph Valintino.These three and many more entertained Canadians through the twenties. In 1926 the voice era was coming in effect by Warner Brothers by theVitaphone. In 1927 Warner Brothers finally completed the first soundpicture called The Jazz Singer To canadains evenings were not spent infront of t.v. Instead they wouldlisten to the radio set. One for the radio stations listened to was CKCL. Theywould listen to mostly music and live plays. Most of the music theylistened to was Jazz, and of course those were the days of the popularba llroom dancing with the big bands. Other slipway of entertainment were bynewspapers and books, One of the novels was Strange Fugitives. Back inthe twenties Canadains authors produced 50 best sellinsFashion When the first world war ended a new stage was set for a new fashion.Such signs of fashion change was already happening. The loosening of fit

Effective Communication :: Communication in Leadership

Overview of SectionIn Longs chapter Communication in Leadership Tripod A New Model for Effective Leadership (2004), Long defines colloquy as the passing of information between at least 2 parties (p. 89). He shares general conference principles, ways to improve communion, and evaluate it. His premise is Unless those placing leaders, the leaders themselves, and those under leadership screwing communicate effectively, leadership will not be as strong as it should be in order for the organization to achieve at its highest level (p. 87). All involved in communication from the top down need to understand and implement effective communication despite misconceptions. In the process of encryption and decoding (communicating), noise occurs. For true communication to take place, the receiver has to be able to decode the depicted object the way the encoder wants to be understood (p. 90). Both, encoder and the decoder, need to take the time to ensure a message has been correctly decoded.I t is important to understand methods of communication and inhibitors to decoding.oVernacular use and inflection are two common hindrances to verbal communication. oThe telephone can create communication problems. Voice mail can be impersonal and unprofessional therefore, these communications need to be clear and thorough. oHandwritten communications include the note, letter, and electronic mail. While the note can be used to encourage and affirm, it takes time and must be distributed fairly and equally. Letters should be personalized, dismantle if database generated. E-mail seems to be immediate, efficient, and quick however, it can be impersonal and allow the encoder to not be responsible for ensuring communication has occurred and been correctly decoded. oNonverbal communication includes behavior, gestures, facial expressions, body language, and personal space. Many do not realize the nonverbal messages they send therefore, leaders need to understand and be able to very int erpret them. Implications for TeacherTeachers are leaders in the classroom, thereby, responsible to effectively communicate with students, parents, the community, colleagues, and administration. Teachers need to take the time to ensure communication has been successfulencoding and decoding.Teachers utilize verbal, telephone, written, and nonverbal communication.

Seasons-Spring and Winter in Whistling of Birds by D. H. Lawrence Ess

Whistling of Birds by David Herbert Lawrence is a depiction of the vividness of his writings and his own artistic vision and thought. In this essay he has elucidated the change of seasons- change from winter to bound- in an impressive way by the use of looks, similes and metaphors.. pass, as he narrates, brings woe and causes wreck. The intense frost that sustained for some(prenominal) weeks caused the death of birds. The remnants of the beautiful bevy of birds lapwings, starlets, thrushes, lied scattered in the fields. The invisible beasts of prey had wolfed the birds. The winter had massacred the song birds and their blood-soaked skins were spread all around. The beings that could not shield themselves against its rigours shivered with frore and were exposed to the fury of biting cold winds. Winter thus had brought a host of hardships to the poor souls who found it hard to face the vagaries of the weather. Oh, the long and dreary WinterOh, the cold and cruel Winter LONGFELL OW, Hiawatha and then sudden change appeared. The way wind began to blow depicted change of weather. The winds were warm and during the day shimmers sunlight could be seen. The birds began to chirp uncomfortably, without a pause. The doves were uttering strained coos as the influence of winter prevailed on them. Their attitude was queer. It was like a overlapping season. The surroundings were still snow carpeted. They unbroken on cooing with weakness. The breeze was still chilly enough to hurt. The subdued sunlight provoked the birds to chirrup in feeble tones. During the hard frost, deathly silence held sway. Then with the slight change of conditions, the whistling of birds appeared to be a peculiar act. It was extremely difficult to accept the change. The writer inquires for it, as the earth had been covered with the sheet of rupture cadavers. The scene was quite frightening and alerting as the birds kept on tweeting and spreading their silver songs all around in the winter-effe cted surroundings. The joy and defiance of the birds amazes and inspires him it is the image of all brave rebirths. The birds were reconciling to the death of the other birds. They were forgetting the dead world in order to join the new bright one. If winter comes, can spring be far behind. Shelley, Ode to the West Wind.If there comes a little thaw,Still the air is chill and raw,Here and there a patc... .... He continues with his whistling.Whistling affirms stormily the irrepressible renewal of liveness after death and destruction. The essay describes the renewal of the birds song after the long and dreary winter. The song is a metaphor for life that is chosen, willingly and deliberately. Lawrence is not alone in his determination to choose life. Many others have reached the same decision after grappling with the horror of death in their minds and souls. In Whistling, Lawrence celebrates the impulse to life that cannot be quenched--the believe that lives in all of us. He uses th e metaphor of the whistling of birds for his depiction of this inextinguishable flame of life and hope in humans. Lawrence not only affirmed life but insisted on the inevitability of itWho can thwart the impulse that comes upon us?It comes from the unknown upon us,Faith of life is generated in them they have escaped from the dreadful shadows of death. It becomes essential for us to relocate from the zone of death to life. Thus the two seasons, spring and winter, have been clearly represent by the writer. The change that fascinated him has been explained in a vivid way that it enthralls the readers too.

Cisco Systems` :: essays research papers

1)The relationship between information systems, Internet Technology and lake herrings task strategy was quite intriguing. Ciscos company worked hand in hand directly with the Internet and their IS system was supported by almost 45% by digital means. Their sales were all Internet driven by almost half of their production. 2)Cisco is a digital firm in the numerous senses, while John Chambers will adamantly defer the fact that their company relies directly on software (digital) it is my opinion that from viewing on the proceedings it appears to all eyes that their structure is almost 75% if not more digital. Their training, applications, update forms, orders and accessibility options are all based through the Internet or some digital means.3)Ciscos reliance on information systems and the Internet was a great success until about November 2000 when there was the first 10% decline in sales. By December 15 Chambers realized that his ales were going down the drain. Finally in August 2001 Cisco underwent a makeover that changed the focusing that they depended upon the Internet and IS. Their forecasts were no longer FULLY based upon this information rather they were used as in centralizing market analysis and finding bleak methods of technologies to network their company.4) Cisco reacted so slowly to the deteriorating economic condition because they had proceed to aggressively expand and they had also increased their market shares. What really influenced the way Cisco responded to the economic condition was the decline of 2/3s in the technological advances in the NASDAQ. While other companies were falling around them Cisco stood strong. They continued to pour themselves heart and soul into their company. Nortel Networks Ciscos rival fell largely in the market, and they continued to expand.5)I believe that Chambers and Cisco could/should develop done would have been to pull back on their large all-out pushing the production buck. If Chambers had not have pushed t he 600 million sawbuck contracts for orders of unmade parts and materials I believe that the company would have held stronger.

Medications :: essays research papers

StreptokinaseThrombolytic, aka clot buster. One of our TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) used to bust clots in a pt with a stroke from an embolus or a thrombus or is having an MI from a thrombus or an embolus. Problem is if you bust the clot it will bust clots from head to toe giving biggest risk of BLEEDING.Aminophylline/TheoDur Adrenergic bronciodilators, watch aminophylline levels bc there is I fine line between theraputic and toxic. Dilate pupils so dont give to closed angle glaucoma. Will make you nervous jittery, decrease caffeine in their diet.HeparinAnticoagulant, monitor dose with PTT, can be given sub-q or IV. Never ever IM be vitrine it will make the muscle bleed. 1 do drugs when a person has a DVT, must have drug double micro chiped with another nurse before giving. SE bleeding. Antidote is prodomyicin sulfate.Morphine Opiate agonist, narcotizing analgesic that all narcotics are based upon (prototype) non-ceiling drug, so keep on giving, raise dose for more pain. Used for acute pain such as post surgery and burn pain. But it is also good in severe chronic pain, such as pain from cancer. Comes in tablets (rare), liquid, injectable form, and a PCA pump form. Usual dose 10-12 mg q 2-4 hrs. biggest problem= it is a CNS depressant so need to avoid other CNS depressants (alcohol), can cause resp depression. Do not give is resp are 12 or below. Double check resp in hr (inj)DigoxinLanoxin, cardiotonic glycoside. Slows but strengthens the heartbeat, often give a loading dose to get the heart were it is supposed to be and then back off and give a maintanence dose. Usual dose 0.25 mg. always check an apical before giving, if below 60 hold the med and call dr. biggest problem is in older patients where there glomerular filtration rate decreases, they end up with compendium of this drug, because their ADME is decreased as well as their glomerular filtration. Have a apical pulse of like 40MarplanMAO inhibitor, used as antidepressant, main concern is a diet that is low in fermented things (beer, cheese) can throw them into a hypertensive state.NitroglycerinCoronary vasodilator, used to treat angina, comes in a sublingual tablet to be used in an attack, can us one every five minutes up to 15 minutes, or 3 doses before calling 911. need to replace the bottle every 3 to 6 months, keep in a dark tight container (disenigrates when assailable to air, moisture, or light), come in a bid med, called nitrobid.

Medications :: essays research papers

StreptokinaseThrombolytic, aka clot buster. One of our TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) used to bust clots in a pt with a stroke from an embolus or a thrombus or is having an MI from a thrombus or an embolus. Problem is if you bust the clot it will bust clots from head to toe giving biggest risk of BLEEDING.Aminophylline/TheoDur Adrenergic bronciodilators, becharm aminophylline levels bc there is I fine line between theraputic and toxic. Dilate pupils so dont give to closed angle glaucoma. Will take a leak you nervous jittery, decrease caffeine in their diet.HeparinAnticoagulant, monitor dose with PTT, can be given sub-q or IV. Never ever IM because it will occupy the muscle bleed. 1 drug when a person has a DVT, must have drug double checked with an otherwise nurse before giving. SE bleeding. Antidote is prodomyicin sulfate.Morphine Opiate agonist, narcotic analgesic that all narcotics are based upon (prototype) non-ceiling drug, so keep on giving, raise dose for more imposit ion. Used for astute pain such as post surgery and burn pain. But it is also good in severe chronic pain, such as pain from cancer. Comes in tablets (rare), liquid, injectable form, and a PCA pump form. ordinary dose 10-12 mg q 2-4 hrs. biggest problem= it is a CNS depressant so need to avoid other CNS depressants (alcohol), can cause resp depression. Do not give is resp are 12 or below. Double check resp in hr (inj)DigoxinLanoxin, cardiotonic glycoside. Slows simply strengthens the heartbeat, often give a loading dose to get the heart were it is supposed to be and then back off and give a maintanence dose. Usual dose 0.25 mg. always check an apical before giving, if below 60 hold the med and call dr. biggest problem is in older patients where there glomerular filtration ramble decreases, they end up with accumulation of this drug, because their ADME is decreased as well as their glomerular filtration. Have a apical pulse of like 40isocarboxazidMAO inhibitor, used as antidepres sant, main concern is a diet that is low in fermented things (beer, cheese) can throw them into a hypertensive state.Nitroglycerincoronary vasodilator, used to treat angina, comes in a sublingual tablet to be used in an attack, can us one every five legal proceeding up to 15 minutes, or 3 doses before calling 911. need to replace the bottle every 3 to 6 months, keep in a dark tight container (disenigrates when exposed to air, moisture, or light), come in a bid med, called nitrobid.

Business Law Essay

As courts decide cases involving the Internet and impertinent kinds of issues not addressed previously, what role, if some(prenominal), does precedent play? What role should it play? What difficulties could arise?A court would first look to see if any applicable statutes apply to the situation. Beyond that, the court would consider whether or not there are any earlier relevant court decisions applicable to the case. The court might find a similar case, though one not involving the Internet, and extend its application to the Internet. by dint of this process, existing law can be extended to apply to new situations. Difficulties can arise if courts extend the application of an existing law to a new area where there are crucial differences that make the application of the old law improper.The Jurisdiction of the Court%Steve often purchases office supplies from Supplymax. a company with stores in many states, but none in Steve home state of atomic number 42. Supplymax does, however, maintain a distribution center in Kansas City. Missouri. Supplymax does not advertise in Missouri except that it places a few advertisements in national magazines. Some of which are sold in Missouri. Steve has an agreement with their store in Chicago. and Steve will often hand the Chicago store and have them hold items for him to pick up when he is on one of his frequent business trips to Chicago. Last year. Steve purchased eight chairs from Supplymax to use with his meeting table at his business. At a recent meeting with his local sales staff. One of the chairs collapsed injuring Steve. Steve has sued Supplyimax in state court in his hometown of St Louis. Supplymax does not require to have this case comprehend in Si. Louis. Or anywhere in Missouri for that matter. But if it must be in Missouri. Supplymax demands that the case be heard in Kansas City. Discuss the issues and likely outcome of his situation.Supplymax probably meets the minimum contacts requirement with the state o f Missouri. Given its distribution center and advertising in national publication that reaches Missouri. Thus Missouri would have personal jurisdiction. Because the lawsuit arises out of events in St. Louis and there are witnesses from St. Louis. Proper venue would be in St. Louis. If the amount in controversy were more than $75,000, Supplymax could transfer the case to federal court.

Glasgow 5th March

This is a critical essay for Glasgow, 5th March, 1971, by Edwin Morgan, which is a modern instimatic poem about a shocking evil committed upon a young man and his girl by two youths and witnessed by two annonymous expressionless drivers who pass by without even aknowledging the crime. Morgan manages to make us go through as if we are watching this incident happen and effectively conveys the incident in the form it takes, un perceptional, detached and formal. This feeling is fistly shown in the title, which is simply a take and date, the title implies it isnt a poem but some kind of record or headline.In this critical essay I am going to show how the poet Edwin Morgan uses unfounded and unnamed themes to create a lasting impression with the help of techniques like setting, imagery and articulate choice. In the first stanza Morgan makes excellent use of imagery and word choice, catching our attention with the sum upress With a ragged diamond, of shattered plate glass This phras e immediately makes the reader think of something sharp, sparkling and dangerously beautiful. When the words diamond and shop window are put together like this we imagine them as small sparkling diamonds.This impression is carried on later in the poem when the writer describes the setting as a sharp clear night Even though the writer has said nothing of what sort of shop it is we subconsciously imagine a jewellers shop. This is technique effectively puts the reader at the scene of the crime. In the second verse the poet uses another technique, a metaphor that emphasises the brutality of the flaming bristling with fragments of glass This metaphor the could be comparing bristles of hair to the bristles of glass lying on the mans face. It is an effective comparison because it helps the reader imagine all the tiny particles of glass.It shows that poet wants us to recreate the incident as we read, with as much detail as possible. Edwin Morgan withal uses clinical language to describe t he injurys to the couple. A key example of that is the phrase, spurts arterial blood His word choice makes the the scene more violent but also continues to detach the reader from the young victims This successfully describes the scene without showing any emotion from the writer or the victims while still going along with the violent theme. Edwin Morgan uses onomatopoeia when he says the phrases shattered plate glass, bristling with fragments of glass spurts.The continuation of the sh and s sounds throughout the poem help blusher a clearer picture of the crime in the readers head. This technique is successfull as phrases add sound effects to the silent image in the readers head. The writer does not add any emotions, but he does add facial expressions of the characters. About the young man and his girl he says that, Their faces show surprise, shock, And the beginnings of pain This quote is effectivly emphasises the speed of events this is diaphanous from the writer describing the ho w the characters are only just beginning to feel the pain when we are reading the third stanza.The couple are also kept anonymous creating one of the main themes of the poem. This use of word choice again doesnt show any emotion while still successfuly describing to the reader what is happening to the victims. Morgan also tells us about the two youths faces with the phrase Their faces show no expression. This is the main quote that tells us that the two youths have no remorse for what they have done it also leaves the two youths anonymous like the young couple they have just pushed This helps to carry on the anonymous theme through the poem.

Diabetes Education Plan

Introduction According to Johnson and Raterink (2009), suit 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major(ip) global chronic health issue. Though, it is found that the condition is largely preventable as many of the risk factors for engendering the disease such as surplus weight, poor diet, in operation, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, argon modifiable behaviours (Australian billet of Statistics, 2011).A customer new diagnosed with Type 2 DM whitethorn be unconscious(predicate) that the illness evoke be impellingly self-managed with changes to diet, life-style and if necessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare AIHW, 2008). Therefore, the aim of the intimacy visualise is to assist the knob to make educated lifestyle choices and changes that impart reform health outcomes and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. The pedagogics plan will develop evidence-based client fosterage strategies that focus on diabetes concern and the modification of pathologic lifestyle behaviours.According to Funnell, Anderson, Austin, and Gillespie (2007), developing appropriate indvidualised educational strategies that increase client knowledge enables the client to make self-directed behavioural changes that aid in powerful self- caution and ameliorated health outcomes. Background Diabetes finagle and self- counseling education needs to be tailored to the respective(prenominal) (Funnell et al. , 2007). The client, in whom this education plan is tailored for, is a 50 course of instruction over-the-hill male with a body mass index of 32 who has been newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM.In designing the education plan it is also burning(prenominal) to assess and intromit extended resources of support for the client (Goldie, 2008). Resources of support may include clients family and friends, utilisation of local community services and confederative health care providers such as social workers, dieticians an d podiatrists (Hunt & Grant, 2010). For the client to make informed choices they need to be educated on the disease process and assertable complications. Diabetes is an illness that occurs when the body in unable to maintain normal levels of glucose in the split (McKenny & Short, 2011).Type 2 DM is a state-of-the-art disease, characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the secretion of insulin (AIHW, 2012). Chronic hyperglycemia affects function of cells and tissues and may result in cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, vision deviation and lower limb amputations due to neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease complications (AIHW, 2008). Treatment of Type 2 DM is complex with evidence punctuate the need and importance of a collaborative healthcare team border on (Robertson, 2011).Initial treatment for those newly diagnosed involves nutritional therapy and exercise to aid in weight loss (Zisser, Gong, Kelley, Seidman, & Riddell, 2011). However, as Type 2 DM is a chronic progressive condition, pharmacotherapy is usually required (Tsang, 2012). Oral hypogylcaemic agents are typically the beginning pharmacological interposition to improve glycaemic control and these agents include Biguanides (Metformin), Sulphonylureas, Acarbose, Meglitinides, and Thiazolidinediones (Phillips & Twigg, 2010 Sanchez, 2011). Tsang (2012) argues that Metformin is recommended as the first draw off of treatment.In addition, due to the progressive nature of the condition most clients will require insulin therapy to make and maintain adequate glycaemic control (Nyenwe, Jerkins, Umpierrez, & Kitabchi, 2011). Newly diagnosed clients require substantial counselling and education regarding disease self-management (Johnson & Raterink, 2009). Self-management issues the client and family may bedevil include adhering continually to a daily regime of monitoring blood sugar levels and the self statute of diet, exercise and medication (Long & Gambling, 2011). lymph nod es and their families also need to know how to manage the complications of diabetes including leg it hygiene and the management of hypogylcaemic or hyperglycaemic episodes (Sanchez, 2011). Specific focus of education Through the recognition of self management issues and potential areas of knowledge deficit, the nurse is able to tailor an education plan that focuses on the singular learning needs of the client and their family, resulting in mutually agreed upon short and long term goals (Aranda, 2008).Therefore, client and family education will focus on decreed lifestyle modifications to increase physical activity and improve eating habits (Bartol, 2012). The lifestyle modifications of healthy eating and increased activity levels improve blood glucose control, aid in weight management, improve general health and may reduce the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (Sanchez, 2011 AIWH, 2012). In addition, education on the self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) focuses on self-manage ment strategies.Education should focus on how to dress the test with the use of a blood glucose meter, how to care for equipment and how to manage a in high spirits or low blood glucose reading (Sanchez, 2011). SMBG is an important component of diabetes management as it enables the client to learn and evaluate the cause of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels which should aid better adherence to treatment regime (Nyenwe et al. , 2011). Client knowledge deficit in relation to oral hypogylcaemic medications and insulin therapy should also be addressed.Medication education should provide information regarding what each medication is, dosage, possible side effects and if they interact with any other medications (Bullock & Manias, 2011). Education that focuses on medications is important as it erect enhance clients understanding and willingness to take it (Bartol, 2011). Lastly, due to the increased risk of theme ulceration and lower limb amputations, it is important to provide an educational intervention that focuses on foot hygiene and care (Ogrin & Sands, 2006).Diabetes education on foot care aims to prevent foot ulceration by focusing on self management strategies to improve foot care behaviours (The National Health and Medical research Council NHMRC, 2009). Education Strategies Before educational strategies can be implemented you must first identify possible challenges and any potential barriers to learning your client may have (Beagly, 2011). According to Beagly (2011) barriers that inhibit patient education are age, literacy, language, culture and physiologic obstacles (p. 31). Preferred learning style, language, cognitive ability and literacy level are rigid during the assessment process (Funnell et al. , 2007). As the client is a 50 year old male, the principles of full-grown learning should be applied when choosing an appropriate educational scheme (Bullock & Manias, 2011). The principles of adult learning highlight that adults bring life ex perience with them and adults generally select self-directed, problem-based education that is relevant and applicable to their lives (Clapper, 2010).One-on-one discussion is one educational outline found to have decreed effects on lifestyle changes and increasing knowledge for clients with diabetes (NHMRC, 2009). One-on-one discussions enhance application of new information through the cooking of relevant and practical advice, thus reflecting the principles of adult learning (Bullock & Manias, 2011). These discussions also enable feedback on progression and application of conjecture into practice (Kaufman, 2003). Discussions should also include individual and group family education sessions.Mayberry and Osborn (2012) have found that when family members are educated on diabetes management, improvements in clients self-care behaviours, weight and glycaemic control were noted. Providing education through demonstration is another effective adult learning strategy and should be used for educating the client on SMBG and foot care. Demonstration is an effective strategy for my client as according to the opening of self-efficacy, observing other people can strengthen our beliefs that we can perform corresponding tasks, even when the task is unfamiliar (Kaufman, 2003, p. 14). Furthermore, both discussion and demonstration are effective strategies for my client as most middle aged adults still have the cognitive function and ability to learn new skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). Diabetes management is multi-disciplinary and requires a collaborative healthcare approach (Hunt & Grant, 2010). As a result, referring the client to a dietician for review is an important education strategy to aid in positive dietary modifications (Sanchez, 2011).This education strategy draws on the evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of Type 2 DM (Dietitians Association of Australia DAA, 2006). The guideline highlights that the primary responsibility of the nutritionist is to determine a nutrition plan in collaboration with the clients needs and goals (DAA, 2006). Referring the client to local community services that provide thaw group exercise programs is also an important education strategy to be incarnate in the plan (Van Dijk, Tummers, Stehouwer, Hartgens, & Van Loon, 2012).Kaufman (2003) argues that according to social learning theory people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modeling behaviour. optical material including handouts, information packs and website resources are also effective educational strategies for adult learners as they assist self-directed learning (Beagley, 2011). Self directed learning is an effective intervention to facilitate behaviour changes as it enables the adult client to be responsible for their learning, promotes autonomy and can be shared and discussed with family and friend support networks (Funnell et al. 2007). result / Recommendations In conclusion, type DM is a self-ma naged chronic disease that requires those alter to be actively involved and informed in their own health care. This education plan has provided relevant information and identified appropriate evidence-based educational strategies that can assist the client newly diagnosed with type 2 DM to make positive lifestyle modifications and reduce the risk of complications. The education plan also emphasizes the importance of extended family and community support to assist in positive health outcomes.The edition of knowledge, willingness to change and sustain positive self-care behaviours is now the overall goal with diabetes management requiring ongoing education and support from healthcare professionals to help clients implement and sustain lifestyle changes (Long & Gambling, (2011). It is recommended that the client has regular reviews and health checks then modification of educational needs and strategies can be assessed and implemented as the disease process changes and the needs to the client changes (Bartol, 2012 Funnell et al. , 2007).Diabetes Education PlanIntroduction According to Johnson and Raterink (2009), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major global chronic health issue. Though, it is found that the condition is largely preventable as many of the risk factors for developing the disease such as excess weight, poor diet, inactivity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, are modifiable behaviours (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011).A client newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM may be unaware that the illness can be effectively self-managed with changes to diet, lifestyle and if necessary the inclusion of oral hypoglycemic agents (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare AIHW, 2008). Therefore, the aim of the education plan is to assist the client to make educated lifestyle choices and changes that will improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. The education plan will develop evidence-based client education strategies that focus on diabetes management and the modification of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.According to Funnell, Anderson, Austin, and Gillespie (2007), developing appropriate indvidualised educational strategies that increase client knowledge enables the client to make self-directed behavioural changes that aid in effective self-management and meliorate health outcomes. Background Diabetes care and self-management education needs to be tailored to the individual (Funnell et al. , 2007). The client, in whom this education plan is tailored for, is a 50 year old male with a body mass index of 32 who has been newly diagnosed with Type 2 DM.In designing the education plan it is also important to assess and include extended resources of support for the client (Goldie, 2008). Resources of support may include clients family and friends, utilisation of local community services and allied health care providers such as social workers, dieticians and podiatrists (Hunt & Grant, 2010). For the client to make informed choices they need to be educated on the disease process and possible complications. Diabetes is an illness that occurs when the body in unable to maintain normal levels of glucose in the blood (McKenny & Short, 2011).Type 2 DM is a progressive disease, characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the secretion of insulin (AIHW, 2012). Chronic hyperglycemia affects function of cells and tissues and may result in cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, vision loss and lower limb amputations due to neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease complications (AIHW, 2008). Treatment of Type 2 DM is complex with evidence emphasizing the need and importance of a collaborative healthcare team approach (Robertson, 2011).Initial treatment for those newly diagnosed involves nutritional therapy and exercise to aid in weight loss (Zisser, Gong, Kelley, Seidman, & Riddell, 2011). However, as Type 2 DM is a chronic progressive condition, pharmacotherapy is usually requir ed (Tsang, 2012). Oral hypogylcaemic agents are typically the first pharmacological intervention to improve glycaemic control and these agents include Biguanides (Metformin), Sulphonylureas, Acarbose, Meglitinides, and Thiazolidinediones (Phillips & Twigg, 2010 Sanchez, 2011). Tsang (2012) argues that Metformin is recommended as the first line of treatment.In addition, due to the progressive nature of the condition most clients will require insulin therapy to achieve and maintain adequate glycaemic control (Nyenwe, Jerkins, Umpierrez, & Kitabchi, 2011). Newly diagnosed clients require substantial guidance and education regarding disease self-management (Johnson & Raterink, 2009). Self-management issues the client and family may have include adhering continually to a daily regime of monitoring blood sugar levels and the self regulation of diet, exercise and medication (Long & Gambling, 2011).Clients and their families also need to know how to manage the complications of diabetes incl uding foot hygiene and the management of hypogylcaemic or hyperglycaemic episodes (Sanchez, 2011). Specific focus of education Through the identification of self management issues and potential areas of knowledge deficit, the nurse is able to tailor an education plan that focuses on the individual learning needs of the client and their family, resulting in mutually agreed upon short and long term goals (Aranda, 2008).Therefore, client and family education will focus on positive lifestyle modifications to increase physical activity and improve eating habits (Bartol, 2012). The lifestyle modifications of healthy eating and increased activity levels improve blood glucose control, aid in weight management, improve general health and may reduce the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (Sanchez, 2011 AIWH, 2012). In addition, education on the self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) focuses on self-management strategies.Education should focus on how to perform the test with the use of a blood glucose meter, how to care for equipment and how to manage a high or low blood glucose reading (Sanchez, 2011). SMBG is an important component of diabetes management as it enables the client to learn and evaluate the effects of diet and exercise on blood glucose levels which should aid better adherence to treatment regime (Nyenwe et al. , 2011). Client knowledge deficit in relation to oral hypogylcaemic medications and insulin therapy should also be addressed.Medication education should provide information regarding what each medication is, dosage, possible side effects and if they interact with any other medications (Bullock & Manias, 2011). Education that focuses on medications is important as it can enhance clients understanding and willingness to take it (Bartol, 2011). Lastly, due to the increased risk of foot ulceration and lower limb amputations, it is important to provide an educational intervention that focuses on foot hygiene and care (Ogrin & Sands, 2006).Diabetes educat ion on foot care aims to prevent foot ulceration by focusing on self management strategies to improve foot care behaviours (The National Health and Medical Research Council NHMRC, 2009). Education Strategies Before educational strategies can be implemented you must first identify possible challenges and any potential barriers to learning your client may have (Beagly, 2011). According to Beagly (2011) barriers that inhibit patient education are age, literacy, language, culture and physiological obstacles (p. 31). Preferred learning style, language, cognitive ability and literacy level are determined during the assessment process (Funnell et al. , 2007). As the client is a 50 year old male, the principles of adult learning should be applied when choosing an appropriate educational strategy (Bullock & Manias, 2011). The principles of adult learning highlight that adults bring life experience with them and adults generally prefer self-directed, problem-based education that is relevant a nd applicable to their lives (Clapper, 2010).One-on-one discussion is one educational strategy found to have positive effects on lifestyle changes and increasing knowledge for clients with diabetes (NHMRC, 2009). One-on-one discussions enhance application of new information through the provision of relevant and practical advice, thus reflecting the principles of adult learning (Bullock & Manias, 2011). These discussions also enable feedback on progression and application of theory into practice (Kaufman, 2003). Discussions should also include individual and group family education sessions.Mayberry and Osborn (2012) have found that when family members are educated on diabetes management, improvements in clients self-care behaviours, weight and glycaemic control were noted. Providing education through demonstration is another effective adult learning strategy and should be used for educating the client on SMBG and foot care. Demonstration is an effective strategy for my client as acco rding to the theory of self-efficacy, observing other people can strengthen our beliefs that we can perform similar tasks, even when the task is unfamiliar (Kaufman, 2003, p. 14). Furthermore, both discussion and demonstration are effective strategies for my client as most middle aged adults still have the cognitive function and ability to learn new skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2009). Diabetes management is multi-disciplinary and requires a collaborative healthcare approach (Hunt & Grant, 2010). As a result, referring the client to a dietitian for review is an important education strategy to aid in positive dietary modifications (Sanchez, 2011).This education strategy draws on the evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of Type 2 DM (Dietitians Association of Australia DAA, 2006). The guideline highlights that the primary responsibility of the dietitian is to determine a nutrition plan in collaboration with the clients needs and goals (DAA, 2006). Referring the client to local community services that provide free group exercise programs is also an important education strategy to be incorporated in the plan (Van Dijk, Tummers, Stehouwer, Hartgens, & Van Loon, 2012).Kaufman (2003) argues that according to social learning theory people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modeling behaviour. Visual material including handouts, information packs and website resources are also effective educational strategies for adult learners as they assist self-directed learning (Beagley, 2011). Self directed learning is an effective intervention to facilitate behaviour changes as it enables the adult client to be responsible for their learning, promotes autonomy and can be shared and discussed with family and friend support networks (Funnell et al. 2007). Conclusion / Recommendations In conclusion, type DM is a self-managed chronic disease that requires those affected to be actively involved and informed in their own health care. This e ducation plan has provided relevant information and identified appropriate evidence-based educational strategies that can assist the client newly diagnosed with type 2 DM to make positive lifestyle modifications and reduce the risk of complications. The education plan also emphasizes the importance of extended family and community support to assist in positive health outcomes.The translation of knowledge, willingness to change and sustain positive self-care behaviours is now the overall goal with diabetes management requiring ongoing education and support from healthcare professionals to help clients implement and sustain lifestyle changes (Long & Gambling, (2011). It is recommended that the client has regular reviews and health checks then modification of educational needs and strategies can be assessed and implemented as the disease process changes and the needs to the client changes (Bartol, 2012 Funnell et al. , 2007).

Aec Advantage and Disadvangtage Essay

high & bao1. The positive wedge of AEC to Thailand is that it helps to facilitate investment and trading activities in other ASEAN members as it is now much freely and easier. We can invest in any ASEAN countries and there will be less barriers in terms of trading activities. Moreover, Thailand will become the center of attention of transportation and tourism, as Thailand is located in the center of ASEAN. This will help tourism industry grow bigger. Thailand can also be the center of internal conferences, meetings, exhibitions, and telecommunication. Furthermore, AEC helps Thai manufacturers reduce the greet of production as they can outsource cheaper raw materials from ASEAN members. AEC also helps increase the opportunities of investment as money is easily silk bid among ASEAN membersbix,pamm, mew2. AEC comes with the railways development projects which will connect the Greater Mekong Sub-region, ie. East-West Economic Corridor-connecting Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar Nor th-South Economic Corridor-connectingThailand, Myanmar/Laos, and China and Southern Economic Corridor-connecting Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Southern Economic Corridor has a connecting route unless to Dawei Deep Sea Port in Myanmar that can distribute products to the Middle East and Europe. This will bring down the logistic cost of Thailand that depend smuch on expensive road transportation.-http//www.scb.co.th/eic/doc/en/insight/SCB_Insight_AEC2012_EN.pdf -3. In about 2 years, we are going to be a part of AEC which we need to direct for this situation. It is not just only industry sector that need to prepare for the bigger market and the larger amount of competitors, but the small sector like logistic is also need to be improved to get along with the intense competition for helping companies survive from the easier movement of goods, service, investment, capital and people. When there is a free flow of goods, service, skilled labor, etc, the infrastructure also needs to be developed to serve those inflows.AEC would be a great challenge for run kitchen range management to manage the timing for delivering goods with more comfortable infrastructure which is able to reduce the cost of transportation as well, and it is a nice opportunity to kindle the cross border trade facilitation by simplified border procedures. Moreover, supporting the transportation among ASEAN countries PTT also started to set up gas stations at main roads in many member countries already. This opportunity tends to generate lots of income for our nation as the high standard of PTT gas station and the well feel of service.http//www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/284257/strengthening-supply-chains-for-the-aec http//thainews.prd.go.th/centerweb/newsen/NewsDetail?NT01_NewsID=WNFOR5509140010001 -Negative impact of AEC on supply chainNop-1. When we become a part of AEC, it has a several negative impacts on the supply chain in Thailand. Thai firms need to expand both their manuf acture and bloodline, in an order to produce and store more goods to serve wider range of customers. As a result, it will definitely affect their fixed cost, and total cost of production will then rise respectively. Besides, the extensive concentration on manufacturing and inventory can be problematic in that it places additional pressure on the environment, which might be a clear evidence in unwelcome impacts upon grave sectors of the economy, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tourism.Mink2. AEC will cause in a lot of labour movement and this can be a negative impact on supply chain as well. Of course, skilled labour will move to the country that offer them a higher opportunity and higher wage, such as Singapore and Malaysia. As the Thai skilled labour move out, the foreign unskilled labour might move in. The unskilled labour, who whitethorn be more wage competitive than the Thai worker, move in. This caused an disadvantage in the market and on Thai labour as well. Also, this might depress local markets and diminish consumption of manufactured items.Due to a various wider customers, it will be harder for the manufacture to reach economy of scale. Instead of just producing one goods to master of ceremonies domestic market, the firms may need to come up with several creative goods to server customers who come from many country. This also can increase a cost of production for the firm. http//ejournal.som.siu.ac.th/files/1-2%20Sittichai.pdf-bix,pamm, mewThailand has relatively high logistic cost to GDP (18%) when compared with Singapore (8%) and Malaysia (13%). For Thailands overall logistic cost, the share of transportation cost is the largest. Thailand may lose its strategy to be the hub of ASEAN from the higher logistic cost comparing to other AEC countries, such as Singapore and Malaysia, if Thailands logistic infrastructures, for example, railways and highways network that bond AEC, havent been built completely in 2015.http//www.scb.co.th/eic/doc/en/insig ht/SCB_Insight_AEC2012_EN.pdf -bix,pamm, mewSome labor intensive industries may die when AEC is richly integrated because of Thai minimum wage policy. The minimum wage policy will affect everyone in the supply chain both directly and indirectly. These businesses, such as food and beverage and vehicles and vehicle parts, will see higher costs for goods and services on the form of rising price of raw materials and logistics force through the supply chain. Moreover, the strong companies, which can survive, may leave Thai markets to find new channels to increase earnings and counter profit corrosion from rising domestic costs. If many industries leave Thailand, the rest industries will leave also like domino falls.http//www.scbeic.com/ENG/document/insight_smes_aec_2012/

An important event that changed my life

There are many changes that arsehole happen in a person s life. Some changes are actually tiny and would not affect your life very much. However, other events could be very outstanding and could change a person s whole life, much(prenominal) as getting married, having a baby, or losing someone special. The important event that changed my life is culmination to the United States to study. When I first arrived in this country, I recognize that a tremendous transformation would happen in my life both physically and mentally. by and by spending much than two months in the United States, I firmly believe that moving to the United States is a beneficial change for me. This change provides me a chance to lead a fit lifestyle as well as a new focal point of thinking that are significant for me.It is native to realize this change as it offers me a healthy lifestyle. forwards coming to the United States, I used to stay up late at dark to study and wake up early in the morning. Th is was a hazard to my health that could cause me to get sick easily. When I decided to come to America, I made up my mind and determined to keep a healthy routine. For example, I enjoy the American-style meal which includes having a fresh salad instead of cooked vegetables. This method of readiness vegetables helps me absorb more vitamins from them. As a result, I can feel that I am becoming healthier and healthier. 3Additionally, this important change enables me to think other than and internationally. This is my first time living in a North-American country. Hence, I have a brand new opportunity to experience a new culture. Because I live in a multicultural society, living in Los Angeles has expanded my horizon on a lot of things lifestyle, eating habits, and respectful greeting manners. By knowing more about opposite cultures, I have become more considerate and understanding of various habits as well as behaviors from different races. Consequently, I have changed into someone who has a new way of seeing distinct issues happening around me.To sum up, mov ing to the United States was an important change in my life because of giving me the chance to have a healthy lifestyle and a new way of thinking. I have changed my eating and sleeping habits in a good way. Meanwhile, I have become more understanding of different cultures. Thus, this change is very important and beneficial for meAn Important Event that Changed my LifeThere are many changes that can happen in a person s life. Some changes are very tiny and would not affect your life very much. However, other events could be very important and could change a person s whole life, such as getting married, having a baby, or losing someone special. The important event that changed my life is coming to the United States to study. When I first arrived in this country, I realized that a tremendous transformation would happen in my life both physically and mentally. After spending more than two months in the United States, I firmly believe that moving to the United States is a beneficial change for me. This change provides me a chance to lead a healthy lifestyle as well as a new way of thinking that are significant for me.It is essential to have this change as it offers me a healthy lifestyle. Before coming to the United States, I used to stay up late at night to study and wake up early in the morning. This was a hazard to my health that could cause me to get sick easily. When I decided to come to America, I made up my mind and determined to keep a healthy routine. For example, I enjoy the American-style meal which includes having a fresh salad instead of cooked vegetables. This method of cooking vegetables helps me absorb more vitamins from them. As a result, I can feel that I am becoming healthier and healthier.Additionally, this important change enables me to think differently and internationally. This is my first time living in a North-American country. Hence, I have a brand new opportuni ty to experience a new culture. Because I live in a multicultural society, living in Los Angeles has expanded my horizon on a lot of things lifestyle, eating habits, and respectful greeting manners. By knowing more about different cultures, I have become more considerate and understanding of various habits as well as behaviors from different races. Consequently, I have changed into someone who has a new way of seeing distinct issues happening around me.To sum up, mov ing to the United States was an important change in my life because of giving me the chance to have a healthy lifestyle and a new way of thinking. I have changed my eating and sleeping habits in a good way. Meanwhile, I have become more understanding of different cultures. Thus, this change is very important and beneficial for me.

Discuss the role of emotion in psychology Essay

Emotion is often the greatest cause for either enhanced mean or impaired recall. Through whiley a(prenominal) studies psychologists have found that it is not only facts we store in our remembering but the emotion ring them.Flashbulb memories involve an enduring imprint of events surrounding an important incident, the shop is not the event itself but where you were and what you were doing when you heard about it. Sheingold and Tenney (1982) provided evidence to support the concept of jiffy memories. Participants were asked about personal memories and found near had good memories for when they were told and who told them. They found the flashbulb memories were laborious and remained consistent over time however there is no way of checking the accuracy of these memories.As shown by Sheingold and Tenney, a flashbulb memorys characteristic involves consistency and has an unchanging nature and they withal involve a high level of emotional arousal which leads to disclose recall o f the event. However Wright (1993) found evidence that goes against this definition, the study involved looking at nations memories of the Hillsborough football disaster in 1989, 5 moths subsequently the event. It was found that most of the participants didnt report strong flashbulb memories in fact many people had reconstructed their memories and had mixed their own with other peoples accounts. This evidence therefore goes against the idea that flashbulb memories remain consistent over time.On the other hand Conway (1994) suggested that the reason some studies dont support flashbulb memories is because the event wasnt signifi toleratet to the individuals. Conway et al used Mrs Thatchers resignation as the basis for the creation of flashbulb memories. 11 months after(prenominal) 86% of the UK participants has a strong and consistent flashbulb memory compared to only 29% participants from other countries. This research suggests that flashbulb memories will only be strong if the ev ent surrounding it is significant to the individual the UK participants would have been more aware and connected to Mrs Thatchers resignation than participants from other countries.The role of emotion is memory can also cause impaired memory. Freud proposed the idea of repression unwanted memories are pushed down into the unconscious mind so you forget them. Freud described this process as a way of the ego protecting itself from emotional conflict which is often the result of harsh experiences. Williams (1994) interviewed women who has been admitted to hospital on the grounds of sexual assault, 20years previously, (they were told the study was a get up of medical care). Williams found that 38% of the women did not show any recall of being sexually abused and that 16% of the women that did, said that at ane time they couldnt remember they had. This study therefore provides strong evidence to support the repression surmise, a traumatic event was crush and some couldnt recall it ev en 20 years later.Repressed memories are defined as a traumatic event placed beyond conscious awareness. Because of this placement, these memories can also affect conscious thought. Forgetting a traumatic event, like Williams (1994) research, has also been studied through case studies. One of the most famous is Bavers (1981) study on sirhan sirhan, the man who shot Robert Kennedy, who has no recall of doing so.In this case the emotions of regret and shame were probably the cause of the repression and the reason he cannot remember what he did. It has also been suggested that repressed memories can also cause anxiety and disordered behaviour. A study that supports this concept was carried out by Karon and Widener (1997) who found that once trauma was recalled in therapy, affable illness in World War 2 veterans completely alleviated, therefore supporting Freuds theory.However Loftus and Pickrell (1995) found evidence against Frueds repression theory. The study was called lost(p) in t he mall and the false memory of getting lost in a shopping centre as a child was implanted into the participants. by and by the debriefing 20% still held to their belief that this happened to them, even though it was a false memory showing trauma has a great affect on memory even though the memory was false but going against Frued as the memory wasnt real.Another study by Loftus and Palmer created a theory called the Weapon effect this was during a highly emotional event such as a robbery or assault, an eye witnesses recall was altered ascribable to their focus on a weapon being used.Finally a depressive state also has an influence on memory. Negative emotions often create a negative recall bias which makes depressed people only focus on negative and unhappy experiences a mood dependent memory. Lyketsos (2001) found in support of this that depression may lead people to be inattentive and so they dont encode new memories into the long term memory well, therefore recall is much poor er. In further support of this Antikainen et al (2001) studied 174 depressed patients and found they performed better on memory tasks and had fewer memory problems after 6 months treatment.In conclusion emotion plays an important role in memory. It can often lead to enhanced memory, such as flashbulb memories, or impaired memory such as the repression of traumatic experiences. Negative emotion is also responsible for a lack of memory such as when someone is depressed. Overall memories are largely influenced by emotion the more positive we are the more likely we are to recall, the more negative the slight likely we will recall and are more likely to forget.

Anansi Essay

In this mythological story, the author outlines the relationship of Hess two by cau blab out rover to create stressful situations that push Charlie out Of his beat and to take control Of his life. It is evident throughout the novel that Charlies char puzzle outer consistently develops into, like wanderer, a more positive, confident and charismatic person, one by which fits into the Nancy family reputation. In the beginning of this story, there was nothing extraordinary about the character of Charlie Nancy.He could be described as a somewhat boring character he had a nine to five job, a fiance and enjoyed partaking in normal day to day activities. Charlies initial character comes across as a very risky person he neer puts himself out there and has been known to film extremely embarrassed for the littlest things. Charlie rationalizes these attributes by blaming his stupefy for embarrassing him as a child. caiman writes, The worst thing about flesh out Charlies father was simply this He was embarrassing. (ANSI Boys, 10) The story continues into a description of how Charlies father do him dress up as Taft Well, when I changed schools, when I was a kid, my dad made a point of telling me how such he had always looked forward to Presidents Day, when he was a boy, because its the truth that on Presidents Day, the kids who go to school dressed as their favorite presidents get a big bag of Of course, there was no such thing as Presidents Day and Charlie was mortified. In his eyes, his father was someone to be ashamed of. He was far too good at embarrassing people and would be the oculus and soul of the party.Charlie was so embarrassed by his father that he argued to keep his father away from his and Rookies wedding. After much convincing on Rookies end, Charlie alls a family friend, Mrs.. Wiggler, to witness his fathers number only to find out that his father had passed away. After his fathers funeral, Charlie visits with Mrs.. Wiggler and learns a great deal more about his family. She reveals that Charlie had a pal and their father was a type of God. Charlie of course, thought that Mrs.. Wiggler was going a bit crazy, but humored her regardless.While trying to get back to his normal life, Charlie decides the practical thing to do would be to go back to spurt. cayman writes, Fat Charlie was a man who preferred to be working. He regarded lying on a sofa honoring Countdown as a reminder of his interludes as a member of the unemployed. He decided that the sensible thing to do would be to go back to work a day early. In the Aldrich offices of the Grahame Coats Agency, up on the fifth and topmost floor, he would feel part of the swim of things. There would be interesting communication with his fellow workers in the tearoom.The whole panoply of life would unfold before him, majestic in its tapestry, implacable and relentless in its industry. People would be pleased to turn around ) This as the type of person Charlie was, reliable, sensib le and practical. He believed that he would feel better once things were back on track in his life. Charlies job at the Grahame Coats Agency fits perfectly into his type of character. Caiman explains, From this you would presume that there is little you need to know about Fat Charlies employment, save that he was unhappy in it, and, in the main, you would be right. (43) Charlie was in some type of rut in his life where he was completely unhappy in every aspect, but did and move nothing to get out of it. As the story develops, Charlie learns, to his surprise, that he does have a brother. Charlies brother, roamer, is not your average person. Spider takes after their father, and is a type of God. Caiman describes, There was a family resemblance between the two men. That was unarguable, although that alone did not explain the intense feeling of familiarity that Fat Charlie felt on seeing Spider.His brother looked like Fat Charlie wished he looked in his mind, unconstrained by the fain tly disappointing fellow that he saw, with monotonous regularity, in the bathroom mirror. Spider was taller, and leaner, and cooler. He was wearing a black-and-scarlet leather jacket, and black leather leggings, and he looked at home in Within a few days of meeting Spider, Charlies deportment had already changed. Before he knew It, Charlie was at a bar, drinking wine and talking with a group of girls. Spider had an effect on Charlie that made him act out of character.Caiman does a good job of making these characters completely opposite. In his interview R. LLC Sirius, Agrarian States, The lead character in ANSI Boys is divided up into Fat Charlie, our hero, who is very English and very embarrassed, and his brother Spider, who is semi-fictional and god-like and for whom the world just sits up and begs and does more or less whatever he wants to Sirius, 3) Caiman explains to us that Spider is an energetic, attractive, smooth talking man who gets exactly what he wants and takes on his fathers persona.Spider continuously pushes Charlie out of his comfort zone and forces him to stand up for the things he wants in life. Spider shows an interest in Rosier rather quickly and even goes as far as telling her he loves her. This, of course, forces Charlie into a physical altercation with his brother, which shows again the extremes that Spider pushes his brother into. Spider goes to Charlies work and ultimately gets him in more trouble. Charlies whole life had been turned upside down because of his brothers selfishness and he reacts by promising to get rid Of him once and for all.After going through these stressful situations, Caiman develops Charlies character into one that fits into the Nancy familys reputation. Not only did Spiders selfishness push Charlie over the edge, but it also made him into a stronger and more confident person. Through the development of Charlies character, his relationship with spider develops as well. In the beginning of the novel, Charlie was u naware that he had a brother, but, through the some obstacles they face together, Charlie and Spider turn out to be closer than ever.One of the more defining moments that allow us to truly appreciate Charlies new character is when he gets up to sing karaoke like his dad use to. Even though it was a life or death situation, Charlie would have never been able to sing on stage without getting nauseous a few months before that. Caiman describes exactly what Charlie is feeling in that moment He was calm down terrified, still angry, but he took all the terror and the anger, and he put it into the song and let it all become a song about lazing and loving. As he sang, he thought. What would Spider do? Thought Fat Charlie.What would my dad do? He Boys, 243) In that moment, Caiman shows that Charlie IS not the same person that he was in the beginning of the story, but that he turned into the person that he always wanted to be a person similar to his father and brother, who could be promisc uous in their own skin. In the interview conducted by RIG Sirius Caiman states, Gods and heroes win. (RL Sirius, 2) It is evident in the conclusion of this novel that Charlies character won. Not only did he defeat the bad guy, but he also evolved as a human being and gained a brother and friend.Through all the turmoil, the hero still prevailed and the rival was what pushed Charlie to be better. Caiman develops Charlie Nannys character through interactions with his brother, Spider. Not only does Charlie become a better-rounded person, he also builds a great relationship with his brother, who he never even knew he had. Charlie struggles throughout the novel to keep his composure and get rid of his elfish brother but in return, breaks out of his shell and becomes a person his father could be proud Of.

Zero Tolerance

In the article Zero Tolerance by Gary Bauslaugh, he asserts the claim that the constitution of nil valuation reserve is a really bad idea and we should non be fooled by it. I would like to support Mr. Bauslaugh, but the evidence which he presents does not allow me to fully support his point. He reaches this conclusion based on the following ideas, one the form _or_ system of government of zero border promotes the abandonment of logic and reason, and two zero tolerance is not about protecting the national (justice), but do politicians look good. Based on these two reasons, the conclusion he reaches shadower be justified. If a popular indemnity lacks reason and does not protect the public, then it is a bad idea.Mr. Bauslaugh asserts that the policy of zero tolerance is based on the frantic reaction of public officials to threats to public welfare. He makes this claim in the following sentences The current trend for public officials to talk of zero tolerance has arisen because it seems to express public licking with the lack of justice in the world. It seems to say we are fed up and arent going to take it anymore. If indeed, the policy of zero tolerance is based on the aflame reaction of public officials, the claim directly supports the laying claim that logic and reason have been abandoned.He presents the argument that thither have been other looks of irrational carriage on the part of the public, to satisfy emotional solvents. Mr. Bauslaugh draws a comparison between the witch hunts of the 16th and seventeenth centuries to the policy of zero tolerance. He cries out Are we immune, in modern times, to such superstitious extremism and fervent credulity? This is not an argument he is making in support of any premise. Rather, what he is doing in this passage is making an emotional appeal to the audience based on the collective memory of unjust persecutions and the taking of life, not based on logic.The use of words such as extremism and zeal ous and intolerance impart heavy emotional weight to his statement. This type of argument must be closely watched. First, he does support his point that there have been emotional reactions in the past. Therefore, the conclusion that this type of reaction is humans and possible to occur again is true. However, the emotional charge he has added to his thesis creates rhetoric which is not necessity if the argument is good.The second case of irrational public policy and behavior Mr. Bauslaugh sites is the war on drugs, which has resulted in the imprisonment of many young nation. Mr. Bauslaugh claims that this is an emotional rejoinder to a societal problem, not ruled by reason. However, Mr. Bauslaugh does acknowledge that there is some reason in the policy on drugs, as acknowledges that some of the people in prison are drug addicts.He takes this opportunity to insert his opinion as to the policy of the war on drugs. He states that these people need rehabilitation care to recover fro m their addiction, not slammer sentences. However, these statements do not support his implied claim that the war on drugs is another example of an emotional response to a social problem. Therefore, this example does not give another example of an irrational public policy.Mr. Bauslaugh as well uses the case of suggested sexual abuse cases, where women had suddenly recovered memory during counseling sessions. Based on the communities emotional responses, the accused people were persecuted, some put in prison, and some committing suicide. He states that the actions taken by the public were not based on substantiated facts.In this case, most of these instances have been discredited. This gives strength to his claim that the public can act out of emotional response, leaving logic and reason out of the decision-making. At this point, in the article, Mr. Bauslaugh has presented 2 valid cases that show that the public has made policy in the past based on emotional response to a problem.N ow we will move to the real discussion Mr. Bauslaugh would like to make, that of the case of the final stage of a herd of water buffalo at Fairburn Farms. He uses this example to support both claims that the policy of zero tolerance is based on emotional response and that the policy is in place only when to help politicians look good in front of difficult social problems.He states that this case shows the policy of zero tolerance to be one of unmitigated justice, a device for thoughtless and indiscriminating activity of the rules, and direct opposition to justice. If this is true, he implies that the policy of zero tolerance is based on emotional response and not logic. However, even when a public policy is shown to be unjust and applied indiscriminately, this does not think the policy is based on emotional response.Since Mr. Bauslaugh sets out to prove the injustice of the zero tolerance policy, and not the emotional basis of the policy, his implication that the policy is base d on emotions is not supported. The additional cases he has collect which show a lack of logic and reasoning do not ultimately support his case, because there is no connection from emotionally created policies to that of zero tolerance. Therefore, the only proof for Mr., Bauslaughs case is that the zero tolerance policy is unreasonable and does not promote justice.Mr. Bauslaugh uses one case to depict the policy of zero tolerance. In the case of Fairburn Farms and the Archers, Mr. Bauslaugh is able to prove that the application of the zero tolerance policy was unreasonable. He shows the fault of the watch Agencys logic on the following points. One, the Archers imported water buffalo from Denmark. There has never been a case of mad overawe disease among any water buffalo population. Two, one cow was found infected in Denmark with mad cow disease.Three, mad cow disease cannot be familial via cheese, and that was the intention of use for the water buffalo. And four, the Australians have been using water buffalo from the same region of Denmark for making cheese, with no adverse effects. The effects of the decision on the Archers also exceeded the bounds of justice. The Archers are setback in pursuing their livelihood and have to slaughter all of the original buffalo.Mr. Bauslaugh is able to prove that in the case of Fairburn Farms, the policy of zero tolerance is unreasonable and unjust. However, by using this one case he does not prove his overall points that the zero tolerance policy is based on emotional reaction and that in general, the zero tolerance policy is a bad policy. If Mr. Bauslaugh were able to provide additional arguments to support his claim, I may be able to agree with him. But, based only on the arguments he has presented to me, I do not see just cause to say the zero tolerance policy is bad public policy.

Contribute to Health and Safety in Health & Social Care Essay

1. realise own responsibilities, and the responsibilities of others, relating to wellness & safety in the massage setting1.1 My work setting is covered by the Health and Safety at consummation Act 1974 which is the over each(prenominal) act for other regulations. It has been updated by more sets of guidelines which bear and explain it.1.2 In the work place you sh be responsibility with your employer for your own safety and that of all the deal you support.a) My responsibilities in the work place areavoid wearing jewellery & tie coarse hair backRead more Describe practices that prevent fires from starting essayunderstand and gull relevant legislation to blank spacesundertake relevant training when provided, do not operate or keep back anything out that I curb not had training for ofollow the companies policy for health and safetytake sell not to put others at happen by my actionsreport any injuries, strains or illnesses I defend as a result of doing my job otell my emp loyer if something happens that could affect my ability to workb) My employers responsibilities are to stag sure the work place is safeprevent risks to healthmake sure that all materials are handled, stored and used safely oprovide adequate first aid facilitiestell you about any potential hazards from the work I do, chemicals and other substances used by the organisation and unwrap me information, instructions, training and supervision as needfulmake sure ventilation, temperature, lighting and toilet, washing and rest facilities all meet health, safety and welfare requirements ocheck that the by rights equipment is provided and meetly maintainedtake precautions against the risks caused by flammable or explosive hazards, electrical equipment, noise and light beam oprovide health supervision as neededprovide personal protective equipment (PPE)C) Other throngs responsibilitys in the work place would beto if possible not bring a disease or illness into the work place oto not bring risk or hurt to the residents or staffto be aware of the health and safety policy(s)1.3 When working in a residential setting you have to have a balance between the need for safety and the rights of people to alive the mood they indirect request, as after all it maybe our workplace but it is the persons home. both the staff and residents are entitled to expect a safe place in which to live and work. Residents have the right to see whoever they wish but situations may arise where at that place are concerns about defenceless people being exploited or at risk of harm, you can advise people of the risks of initiation doors to strangers but you cannot force the level of security they adopt even though the peoplethey are inviting in could be a threat to you. People also need to tax the risks involved in doing the things they wish to do without placing themselves at harm or danger for example one of the residents has vascular dementia and if she valued to go out shopping alone this would be potentially very dangerous, they could become disorientated and forget their way home. Undertaking a risk assessment would help to look at the risks and control measures that can be put in place to shrink the risks of the activity i.e. the activities co-ordinator could arrange a shopping trip for a couple of residents to go shopping with a couple of support thespians so they get to have a one to one but also do the activity they wished to do.1.4 In the work place there are a range of tasks relating to health and safety that should not under any circumstances be carried out without special training. All manual of arms handling must be carried out by people that have had the correct training to do it. Employers are required to provide training in manual handling which must be done once a year, it isnt a one run into training session- it is vital to keep up to date with the latest techniques, equipment and changes in regulations. Moving people without proper training is no t only dangerous for the residents but for us staff too. Also administering medication requires support workers to undergo training to show you are competent and confident as residents are trusting you to give them the correct medication and correct dosage of that medication. Other training we undertake includes first aid, food hygienics and COSHH training.1.5 Sometimes we might need more advice or information on aspects of health and safety interchangeable what legislation and guidelines are involved, maybe the safety of an individual isnt satisfactory or you are disquieted about the risks of an object causing hazards to staff and residents. The first person I would go to if I had a query would be my manager but if they were unavailable I would check the works policies and procedures and if after doing that I was still unsure I could seek information from trade unions or the Health & Safety Executive.2. go out the use of risk- assessments in relation to health and safety2.1 Risk assessment in health and loving care is important for everyone whether they are employers or employees, who are required by law to identify and assess risks in the workplace including circumstances where potential harm may be caused. The 5 questions listed below are the key stages tosuccessfully undergo a risk assessmentThe Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 say that employers must assess any risks that could be associated in the work place. Having carried out a risk assessment the employer must then apply risk control measures i.e. that actions need to be identified to reduce the risks.2.2In health and social care it is important that within my role as a support worker I am constantly aware of health and safety risks and potential risks in everyday situations, creating a mental checklist helps me to do this.A few examples are listed below if I carry out the insouciant cleaning tasks I need to check that every substance is clearly labelled and stored safely if people visit the home I need to make a judgement about if they are firm visitors (family, friends, staff, health professionals) or if they are an intruder who could bring danger into the home if someone has recently mopped a floor I need to check the wet floor sign is visible to people in the building and that people using that specific room are aware, even if I havent personally mopped that floor myself and when I go up and down the corridors I need to check that pathways are clear of obstacles that could cause hazards I have a responsibility to report any unsafe situation to my manager however some situations have to be reported officially where special procedures must be followed. This is where the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR) Regulations 1995 comes into place. Reporting accidents and ill-health at work is a legal requirement. We as a health and social care work place have to report deaths, major injuries, diseases, dangerous occurrences and any acciden ts resulting in more than three days off work.

Observation and Reflection Essay

manifestationMy partner, Jude, and I were partners and we decided to observe the volleyball game at the gym. While watching the game, there was a group of PNUan girls that caught my attention. So I decided to let them be the subject of my observation. That group of girls was really inconclusive and loud as opposed to the rest of the audience watching the game. They shouted and cheered for the PNU team. Whenever the team scores, they stood up and cheered at full volume. They even had this jingle that goes like this P-N-U FIGHT FIGHT FIGHT and sometimes mentioned a unwrap of one of the players. merely, I noticed that when the game started to reach its climax, those girls booed the opposing team every time they scored . consideratenessMaybe those girls are just really fond of watching volleyball games. Maybe they just loss to show their support and encouragement to the PNU players that is why they were acting somewhat wild and loud. Actually, they are such ingenuous adherents of our Mens Volleyball team because they were really at the top of their voices in cheering for the team. They likewise showed effort and commitment in supporting the team. But I find it ill-mannered when they started booing the other team. For me, it is strong to support our players but supporting them does not include being rude to the others. They did not only dishonor their selves, but they have given shame to our school.In that simple action, they just showed that we PNUans are no better. But that is just my point of view. I learned from this experience, that simple actions can really affect your character. That even if you do a whole lot effort in doing something, if you stepped on someones dignity musical composition on the way, it will never matter. We should always consider those people around us while execute our actions . We should practice thinking twice before we decide and do something. At the end of the day, what matters is on how we share and associate with the p eople around us.

Christology of Jesus in the Book of Colossians Essay

Introduction As hints from the books internal evidences point (Col.14, 23 21), the church building at Colossae was non founded by the Apostle capital of Minnesota, but instead the fruit of integrity of his associates labor namely, Epaphras. His forges handle we heard of your practiceingness, the gospel which you heard, and for as many as hand over not seen my face in the flesh, indicate clearly that these deal to whom he was writing were know by him only finished means other than himself. Nevertheless, they ar close to him since they ar the result of Eparhras pitch of the Gospel in their place (Aid to account book Understanding 1971). Epaphras was Apostle capital of Minnesotas son in the faith much like Timothy and Titus.He had come to know the Lord through the preaching of capital of Minnesota in Ephesus and eventually carried the message with him back to Colossae and the result was the founding of the church at that place. Like any fetch would feel of significant accomplishments of his son, the Apostle was exhilarated simply by reflecting on such achievement wrought by his son in the faith (Henry 1998). Indeed, its quite a feat. To the eyes of a true apostle of delivery boy who have grasped the vision of the Lord of the harvest, nothing more and n champion else bears the mark of indisputable success than the veritable(a) surrender of previously rebellious sinners to the Lordship of Jesus (Walvoord & Zuck 1997).The church in Colossae is to date another landmark to the take place of the Gospel and the advancement of the kingdom of God as well. In Biblical perspective, this is true success. This letter, therefore, was Pauls response to the report he received from Epaphras regarding the spiritual condition of the Colossians. The details of the report, however, argon not well positive.Concurrently, the whole scenario was one of good prospects, with regard to what they are already enjoying being in the Nazarene, and the possibility of roun d of them being dragged away to religious nonsense because of the presence of stupid teachers among them who actively engaging them into a large-minded of doctrines that sidetrack them from the right focus. These imitative teachers are so subtle in their approach that caught the Colossians off guard. The presence of these cultic teachings in their center brought them to a situation that is very dangerous, and Paul had to write to them a polemic on the fundamentals of the soul of deliveryman and what He achieved on the cross for them (Duncan p.1 The Incomparable Christ).Historical & pagan Background It is interesting to note that Phrygians are one among the many peoples present in Jerusalem during the fete of Pentecost at the time when the promised Holy Spirit descended upon the frontmost band of disciples in the upper populate (Acts 210). These people were there at the very center of Gods activity when He was mobilizing His first gearly band of missionaries to reach the first of the target geographic spheres Jerusalem. Earlier, Jesus pronounced that his disciples would run low His witnesses in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth. At the brink of this massive missionary activity, a people who would eventually become direct beneficiaries of an apostolic letter were present witnessing a poignant presentation of the gospel by Apostle nib.The city of Colossae was once cognize to be a great city and was hailed by famed historic figures such as Alexander the Great and Herodotus. Both spoke, in their respective times, of Colossae as a great city. However, at the time of the writing of the Apostle Paul of his letter to the Colossians, the city was not as celebrated as Laodicea and Hierapolis (Smith The letter To The Colossians, sunrise(prenominal) Testament Introduction) in comparison. However, along with these greater Phrygian cities, Colossae was famed for its textile industry. In the ancient world, a variety of cloth called Colossinum with its purple wool was one of the exquisite that it was very much valued. Thus, Colossae was among the triad of kn bear center of the textile industry.Geographically, it was positioned along the banks of the Lycus River, and was 160 kilometers travel to the east side of Ephesus. Its easy to figure of a Christian disciple from Ephesus to have gone to this nearby city to extend the gospel and indeed, it capacity have been Epaphras who blazed the trail of evangelistic work at there and probably since then holding the reins of pastorate there. Since Colossae was in the regions of Phrygia which was itself part of Greece, the population was naturally Phrygians, Greeks, and considerable number of Jews.In his book, The Antiquities of the Jews, Josephus Flavius recorded that during the reign of Antiochus the Great (223-187 B.C.), he banished into exile from Babylonia 2,000 Judaic families and relocated them into the districts of Phrygia and Lydia (Antiquities 12.147-1 53). The probability was high that the descendants of those Jews who immigrated there two centuries earlier, were without a mistrust still living in the same region, and in Colossae particularly were rooted and settled by the first century A.D.Cultures Influence The mixture of population in Colossae undoubtedly contributed to the difficulty in determining decisively what kind of philosophies or false teachings have crept into the fellowship of Christians at Colossae. The manner through which the problem is identified in the book makes scholars conclude that it was syncretism. Because these false teachers have never outrightly denied Christ in their instructions, if looked at the surface, they appear to be Christian teachers in the eyes of the new converts whose level of understanding of the Christian doctrines was at this time not yet thorough strong.False teachers used Christ only as their launching station to bring these people into the true affectionateness of their belief. For example, it would only disturb the Colossians if these teachers uncunningly had presented themselves as Gnostics, or Judaizers, or some pagan gurus propagating their paganistic philosophies (Bauer et al. 1979). Therefore, they stealthily conducted themselves among Christians and apparently they have successfully injected some of the important features of their doctrines into the vanguard among the biblical truths which the Colossians were previously oriented to focus their minds on, namely, the supremacy and sufficiency of Christ. Paul elaborated on the implications of everything that the soul of Christ stood for.From unveiling the majestic Person of Christ to the natural ramifications of what it means he went on in scrupulous details. The confusion that these false teachers created among the Colossian church was very dangerous that it threatens the very character of their identity as Christians (i.e. disciples who draw Christs teachings). And besides, it endangers the spiritual lives of the believers at Colossae. Gospel truths will lead to true pietism while half-truths or the Gospel mixed with other philosophical elements which are not found in Christ will always lead to the destruction of life in general.According to Paul, its not possible for them to practice Jewish religious rituals, and embrace paganistic beliefs and philosophies, and still retain the true nature of Christianity. As can be seen, the cultural background through which Colossians was written played a huge manipulation on how Paul developed his themes in the book. They could not have escaped the applications of Pauls teachings since he made everything clear to them. The structure of Gnosticisms philosophy was based on presuppositions such as, God is the authoritative Being who is spirit and good in nature. He is the unnamed Father, and out of the core of His being flows a series of emanations/aeons or mediators, and the material world is evil.Reading Pauls letter in the midst of a cul ture that is so familiar with the Gnostic teachings, one would not miss the public figures he was victimisation and its implications (Shelley 1982 pp.52-54). To the things advocated by these Gnostics, like for instance, that they needed mediaries to be able to tap to that special wisdom which alone could be received from God, Christ is the wisdom of God. The advocacy of Jewish usages which are also present and rampant among these believers were estimable as attractive as all these Hellenistic philosophies in that it lay claim to the very root of Christianity (Gaebelien 1998). To those who find the arguments of Judaizers logically appealing, the Apostle would say They are but a shadow of things to come.All of the legitimate practices of the people of God as sanctioned by the Old Testament Scriptures were all types and only a alter of the real thing (Gill 2000). They all pointed to Christ and when Jesus came all of them were done away with because the whole substance of those thi ngs is Christ. And Christ was manifested in the flesh. To the Gnostic who does not believe in the incarnation of the Christ in typographical error physical dust, Pauls word is In Him (Jesus) dwells all the fertility of the Godhead bodily (Col.29).To those Jewish Christians who constantly were being Judaized by the Judaizers wanting them to incorporate certain elements of their tradition, Pauls message is You were circumcised by the circumcision of Christ. He made it in the spirit without hands. God has forgiven all your trespasses because Christ has wiped out everything that the righteous requirements of the law have been demanding from you. Christ neutralized all the incriminatory proofs written in the Jewish canon that would concur Christians guilty, whether Jews or Gentiles, before the bar of Gods justice (Metzer 1975). In Pauls own words, He (Christ) has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross (Col.211-14). The Colossians were motivateed of the all sufficien cy of Christ (Wenham et al 1994).Overall heart of the Book Since what is under attack is the very Person of Jesus Christ, and because this assault has far-reaching effects and naturally mark the Colossians at different fronts of their faith, Apostle Paul saw it necessary to concentrate his treatise on the Person and the work of Christ. For instance, as it was the assertion of certain teachers inside the church that the breadth of spiritual experience which until then had not been effected in their lives could be attained only through means other than Christ (e.g. worship of angels), Paul had to stress the distinctness and the exclusivity of the utilisation of the second Person of the Godhead in salvation and in securing the fullness of experience of every believer in their relationship with God.The completeness and the comprehensiveness of Christs Person and work have c oered everything that the Colossians could ever imagine. There is no angel, no religious practice/rituals, an d no tradition could ever surpass Christ. Christ is supremely preeminent. The Colossians, contrary to what these false teachers wanted them to be convinced of with their teachings, has the fullness already in Christ. They needed only to realize this through the clear elaborations of an Apostle. Epaphras discovered the significance of this role of Paul, thence he asked for his reinforcement. During this time of the churchs history, Christs teachings were still significantly restrained by legitimate apostles.In Colossians 11, Paul opened his letter with this salutation Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God. . . to the saints and faithful brethren in Christ who are in Colosse. . . . He has not yet by this time visited the church at Colossae and therefore has not known personally many of them. They force have heard of him though through Epaphras. And so, his first words reflect the assertion that what will follow are instructions coming from the one who has been sent dir ectly and authorized by Jesus Christ himself. Paul said, I am an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God. This introduction stands in neat contrast to the false teachers in their midst who go along professing to be spiritual elites who were privies to God, and possibly, Jesus.Therefore, the first few words of Paul are crucial and their force is carried through the entire letter. It bears the mark of apostolicity and hence it is not just an ordinary epistle. Paul was one of the privileged few in his time, like Peter and the rest of all the twelve authentic apostles, who had seen and were commission by Jesus personally. And at the time of his writing, there were many still living apostles who could attest to his claim, although it was not necessary.His apostleship was widely known among the first generation of Christians, and at Colossae, Epaphras was there as direct result of Pauls apostleship and the Colossians the indirect product of Pauls commission. In setting forth very cle arly the fact of his authority, what he had to say to them in this letter were not opinions or just lofty guesses coming from a person who mustered enough of his noble eyeshots to the highest degree Christ. His teachings were at that time the standard teaching of true apostles of Jesus (Clarke 2003). Another paganistic element in the teachings of these false teachers was the contention that insights into spiritual powers demonic powers that could protect and shield the Colossians could be acquired through certain observances and rituals. In particular, rites that were thought of as effective in restraining the flesh from engaging even in legitimate use of the body in marriage between husband and wife, and lawful consumption of food and use of things were put previous as necessary for superior spirituality. Again, to battle these cultic emphases on the superficial appearance of spirituality among the Colossians, the apostle Paul presses over and over again the theme of Christs o verall sufficiency.The absolute preeminence of Christ has overarching cosmic implications. To know Christ is to know God. To know Christ is to know the Creator who not only created the human race and all of the planets, but also by His power hold these things together (Col.115-20). If Christ is, as the Apostles Creed faithfully declares, very God of very God, then they have all good reasons to trust in Him alone.No religious leader should dare to compare Him to angels nor to spiritual mediaries because He Himself is God. He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him (Col.115-16).Themes of the Book One of the pressure level concerns that had seriously affected the demeanor of the Colossians was their fear of the stoicheia Greek word for elementary princi ples. The source of the heresy that Paul was battling among the Christians in Colossae was the philosophy that had successfully sneaked into their consciousness. It was very unfortunate to see an apostolic congregation being wrong by this philosophical nonsense (Balz & Schneider 1990). Paul would have to tell them in his letter of the utter rubbishness of what they are entertaining in place of Christ. They were playing with philosophy which amounts to empty deception because it comes from the tradition of men (Col.28). In the ancient times, stoicheia means many things. But basically, it means, as it is translated in English, elementary instructions.These include the physical elements like earth, water, fire, and wind. Also, the ancient people would have meant it to be elemental spirit up. These elemental spirits are believed to be those sinewy beings that control nature. These are evil spirits and therefore hostile in nature. They command the respect and fealty of human beings b ecause they rule over the fate of humans. They can cause sicknesses, effect a curse, bring in poor crops, plagues, earthquakes, and natural disasters (DeWaay Colossian Heresy p.1). The Colossians find this kind of teaching so attractive. Their problem however was that in this kind of hodgepodge religion, they had already fallen into idolatry from whence they had been delivered when they believed the Gospel.In the first chapter of Colossians, Paul naturalised the reality of Jesus divinity. Jesus Christ is the one who is truly in control of the elemental spirits because He is in fact the Creator of everything seen and unseen. In Colossians 215, Paul presented Christ as one who through His death on the cross, disarmed principalities and powers, and by the power of His resurrection, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in it. The culture where they happened to be living in has much influence on their lives that they never have suspected.This sinister influence had b een there all along and just biding time, and had found the occasion through the false teachers. It was observed that this belief in elemental spirits had been characteristic of ancient Pagans and Jews. It could be that some of the initiates to the Colossian church were looking for help in Christian religion to avert the spell of stoicheia in their lives. This belief in evil forces in the air might even be their common background. They were brought up from this superstitious environment. Paul, therefore, had to remind them of what has transpired when they surrendered and have put their trust in Christ.They died with Christ from the basic principles of the world (Col.220). Theres the word stoicheia again. The Colossians should have totally forsaken any trace of this paganistic reservation. If Christ rules the universe, why fear the evils that these sinister spirits could put down them? And if Christ is the Creator and for whom all things were created, including invisible elements, a nd all the spiritual hierarchy in the heavens, then He must be Supreme and Sovereign. The Colossians did not have to subject themselves to useless regulations.Conclusion The understanding of the Person of Christ is crucial to the establishment of the Christians faith. After this elaboration of Paul on the highness of the Person of Jesus Christ in his epistle to the Colossians, there should be none any more room for any additives to the faith and practice of the Christian life. Christs Person and His redemptive work are sufficient source of unshakeable confidence. Thinking about the Person of Christ, of who He really is as portrayed by Paul in Colossians, how could possibly anyone who knows all these things concerning Jesus add to Him the philosophies of mere men? What is it there that ripe human beings can add to Christ?False teachers of Pauls day would say that if one wanted to be freed from the dominion and powers of darkness, even if he or she has Christ already, there needed t o be certain things to be added. To this, Paul would retort Christ has saved us from the powers of darkness and theres nothing to be added. He is enough and we are complete in Him. To look for fullness someplace else and other than Christ is to doubt His Person. All things consist in Him and in Him all the fullness dwells. In Christ we received redemption and the forgiveness of our sins.Works citedAnonymous. 1971. Aid to Bible Understanding. Brooklyn, NY Watchtower Bible and Tract association of New York, Inc. (Aid).Bauer, Walter Arndt, William Gingrich, F. Wilbur Danker, Frederick. 1979. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Second Edition. shekels, Ill The University of Chicago Press. (BAGD).Balz, Horst and Schneider, Gerhard. 1990. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. 2 Volumes. Grand Rapids, MI Eerdmans. (EDNT).Barnes, Albert, Notes on the Bible. electronic E-Sword Files. E-Sword copyright 2000 2003 by wrestle Meyers. www. e-sword.netBeveridge, William A Short History of the Westminster Assembly. Revised, edited, and introduced by J. Ligon Duncan III. Greenville Reformed Academic Press, 1993. Clarke, Adam. rendering on the Bible. Electronic E-Sword Files. E-Sword copyright 2000 2003 by Rick Meyers. www.e-sword.netDuncan, Ligon. Christology, Soteriology, and Eschatology. Orlando RTS Media Ministries, 1993. with accompanying audio tapes.Ligon Duncan III. Greenville A Press, 19911, 19932, 19943.Cunningham, William An Introduction to Theological Studies. Edited and introduced by J.Ligon Duncan III. Greenville A Press, 19911, 19932, 19943.DeWaay Colossian Heresy p.1. Retrieved March 20, 2008 Douglas, J.D. and Comfort, Phillip. The New Commentary of the Whole Bible New Testament ground on the Classic Commentary by Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown. Electronic STEP Files. Cedar Rapids, IA Parsons Technology (JFB).Gaebelien, Frank, editor. 1998. The Expositors Bible Commentary. Electronic STEP Files. Grand Ra pids, MI Zondervan. (EBC).Gill, john. Exposition of the Entire Bible. Electronic E-Sword Files. E-Sword copyright 2000 2003 by Rick Meyers. www.e-sword.netHenry, Matthew. 1998. Matthew Henrys Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible. Electronic STEP Files. Cedar Rapids, IA Parsons Technology.Metzger, Bruce M. 1975. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. 3rd Edition. Stuttgart, Germany United Bible Societies.The Holy Bible, New King James Version. Power BibleCD Version 3.3 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 Phil Lindner, Online Publishing, Inc.Shelley, Bruce. Church History in plain language. 1982 pp.52-54.Walvoord, John and Zuck, Roy. 1997. The Bible Knowledge Commentary New Testament. Electronic STEP Files. Cedar Rapids, IA Parsons Technology. (BKC).Wenham, G.J., Motyer, J.A., Carson, D.A. and France, R.T. 1994. New Bible Commentary 21st Century Edition. Downers Grove, IL Intervarsity Press. (NBC).